Factors Affecting Cattle Production in Puntland State of Somalia: A Case Study of Nugaal Region

Abstract

As one of the primary milk and meat producing livestock species, cattle contribute greatly to food security in Somalia. Cattle account for 25% of milk production and 24% of exportation income in Somalia. However, cattle population has drastically been decreasing in northern Somalia including Puntland for the last 25 years. As reflection of cattle situation in Somalia, over 90% of cattle population in Puntland was claimed by diseases and droughts during 1992-2004, particularly 2003-4. Today’s surviving population is 95% less than that of 1991 or 2001. The objective of the research was to determine factors that affect cattle production in Nugaal region of northeastern Somalia. The research was qualitative and quantitative in nature. The target population was the cattle-herding community in Nugaal region. Data captured were analyzed by the usage of Statistical Package for Social Science to determine the recent trends in the cattle population; the extent of the effects of the affecting factors; the result of the effects; and the view of the cattle-herding community on the current situation of the lifestyle. Descriptive statistical results suggested that critical insufficient feed supply in pasture, fodder, and water; lack of dependable cattle herders; diseases and lack of veterinary interventions are the factors that primarily affect the cattle welfare and numbers.